庐山简史2:庐山是一座气象万千、水做的山
<p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">姚亚平</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">谈山就要谈水。“山水、山水”,“山”和“水”是连在一起。山有多高,水有多长。</strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">水,在地面为溪水、湖水、泉水、潭水,在山为瀑布,在天上为云,在空中为雾。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山屹立于长江和鄱阳湖之间,等于坐落在水里,山临着水,山则透露出灵气;水靠着山,则显露出神气。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">古人云:“山之骨在石,山之趣在水,山之态在树,山之精神在峭、在秀、在高,有一于此,方足著称。”<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山无一不有,无一不佳</span></strong>。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山的最大特点是水多。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">1、雨水多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">湿润的气流受到山的阻挡而上升,从而兴云作雨。庐山的年降雨天数164天,年均降雨量1834毫米,最高年份达3363毫米,蒸发量只有1008毫米。降雨量远大于蒸发量。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46); font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;">2、汽水多</strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 16px;">庐山坐落在长江中下游、鄱阳湖畔,等于一座山放在水里。长江年流量近一万亿立方米,而湖口石钟山一带就是长江中游和下游的分界线;鄱阳湖水面面积860平方公里、洪水季节达5100平方公里,蓄水量为363亿立方米,是我国第一淡水湖。这么巨大的水面所蒸发出的汽水一直往庐山上涌,一时云兴霞蔚。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">3、河水、溪水多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山的河流多、水量大、水流急,<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">庐山水系的发育,北部以牯岭长冲河为代表的主要溪涧,以褶皱为主在向斜谷和单斜谷中,发育成顺坡河;南部以庐山垅中谷帘泉、马尾水为代表的主要溪涧,以断层为主沿着断层线发育而成。</span>三叠泉和石门涧是庐山东部和西部的两条流域较长的主要溪涧,上游都是河谷开豁,涧流分别受九叠屏断层和龙首崖断层的阻挡,突然转折90度而改变流向。在上游宽谷和下游峡谷相交处,构成裂点,凡裂点分布之外,总会形成急流,产生瀑布。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">4、瀑布多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">山上的溪水和绝壁结合在一起,就会形成瀑布。“匡庐飞瀑天下奇”,以数量多、水量大、高差大、形态美、气势雄五大特点闻名于世。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">潺潺溪流由山顶层层跌落,环绕庐山形成“<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山瀑布群</span></strong>”:庐山的瀑布称为“天下三奇之一”,最主要的有:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">三叠泉瀑布、黄龙潭瀑布、乌龙潭瀑布、青龙潭瀑布、碧龙潭瀑布、秀峰瀑布、大口瀑布、石门涧瀑布、王家坡双瀑、黄岩瀑布、马尾瀑布、谷帘泉瀑布、玉帘泉瀑布、彩虹瀑布、百丈崖瀑布、剪刀峡瀑布、卧龙岗瀑布、鸟儿崖瀑布、简寂观瀑布等,多达22处之多,这些飞瀑流淙,矫若游龙、吐珠泻玉,常年不涸。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山有一点很神奇,即许多山体裂点都在海拔900米的地方,都在海拔约900米的地方跌落,形成一道坡折线,就像女人戴项链,就挂在脖子这一圈,被誉为“庐山的铂金项链”。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">李白《望庐山瀑布》:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">日照香炉生紫烟,遥看瀑布挂前川。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">李白真是你看“飞流直下三千尺”,一个“飞流”,多么传神,一个“直下”,多有气势,就单说“三千尺”,他真是敢想又敢说,我们到现场看,那瀑布再长再高,也远没有三千尺呀,但李白就这么说了,话说到这个份上,李白对庐山瀑布的赞美还嫌不够,就像一个好歌手,他已经唱得很高了,竟还能再来一个高八度,“疑是银河落九天”,银河从九天之上落下来,那是多高?难怪</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">人赞李白是“气象雄杰”“古今绝唱。”</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16px;">后来,唐代诗人徐凝也跑到庐山,来看李白看过的瀑布,也写下一首瀑布诗:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">虚空落泉千仞直,雷奔入江不暂息。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">今古长如白练飞,一条界破青山色。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">说实在的,徐凝的诗也是不错的,”一条界破青山色“这就是一个好句子。现在开车在高速公路上,远远地看去,那条银色的瀑布从天而降,在万丛青山划出一道亮色,那真叫“界破”。难怪明代的李基说“<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">李白雄豪妙绝诗,同与徐凝传不朽</span></strong>”,把徐凝与李白相提,对徐凝评价还是蛮高的。</span><br style="display: block; max-width: 100%;"/></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">但是宋代的苏东坡却不这么看。他</span><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify;">上庐山时,看到一本《庐山记》的文章提到了李白和徐凝写的诗,就说:</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">帝遣银河一派垂,古来惟有谪仙词。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">飞流溅沫知多少,不与徐凝洗恶诗。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;">苏东坡嘲笑徐凝说:“只有李白的庐山瀑布诗才是绝唱,瀑布日夜飞流,千万年水花乱溅,也不能够洗刷徐凝写的恶诗。”其实,苏东坡的话说的有点过。你自己也来观看李白、徐凝看过的庐山瀑布,想写诗,却想到李白的诗已是绝唱,因而不写,这是谦虚,但也犯不着把徐凝贬一番呀。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">不过,在今天的我们看来,不管这三人的诗文与相互评论如何,庐山的瀑布给他们留下极深的印象,却是不争的事实。</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其实,庐山瀑布中最为壮观还是三叠泉。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">“不到三叠泉,不算庐山客”,在五老峰侧的三叠泉,海拔1391米,因崖石所阻,分三级倾泻,飞流直下,长达300米,落差155米,三叠泉,每一叠各具特色。飘者如雪,断者如雾,缀者如旒。在暮春初夏多雨的季节,飞瀑恰如发怒的玉龙,冲破青天,凌空飞下,雷声轰鸣,令人叹为观止。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics0.baidu.com/feed/3b292df5e0fe99250672ab927d56c1d38fb17185.jpeg@f_auto?token=594a1b33ad220a48fe30de5c095aa220" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山三叠泉</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">我一直问:李白到三叠泉没有?有人说到过,他说有诗为证。我认为没去过。朱熹也没去过。三叠泉被发现得比较晚,李白到过的话,李白写庐山瀑布的诗可能就不是马尾瀑布了。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">5、潭水、湖水多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">瀑布落下来,就会形成“潭”。如“黄龙潭、乌龙潭、碧龙潭、神龙潭、卧龙潭、独龙潭、白龙潭”等。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics0.baidu.com/feed/902397dda144ad348b651d0e9d5c93f833ad8568.jpeg@f_auto?token=6a2f82c9541f52fd07b4bf7e09fe219d" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山秀峰潭</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">庐山在海拔1000m左右处修建了面积约1km2的4个人工湖(芦林湖、如琴湖、莲花台湖、黄龙湖)。地质公园东侧包括了鄱阳湖边部的谷山湖、青山湖、神灵湖、落星湖及鄱阳湖主体的一部分。<br style="display: block; max-width: 100%;"/></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">由溪流、瀑布、深潭、人工湖等共同织成的庐山水文网,对水源的涵养、径流的调节、植被的保护提供了良好了水文地质条件。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">6、泉水多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山雨量充沛,山林葱郁,丰沛的水量保证了庐山上的环境与植被接近自然状态,也调节了庐山的气候。地表水沿着砂岩渗透地下,通过崖层三番五次地过滤,又在溪水涧畔、谷沟旁成为不断涌出的裂隙泉、孔隙泉。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">为什么庐山云雾茶是中国名茶,特别好喝、有名?</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">茶,就是水里加了点味道,</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">所以,泡茶的<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">水</span>是很重要的,而庐山的云雾茶和庐山的山泉水是分不开的。</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">因为独特的地理环境与气候,庐山一年中有大半时间处于云遮雾绕中,茶园天天浸润在云雾水汽中,茶叶厚润多毫,条索粗壮,醇甘耐泡,香爽持久。加上庐山充沛的降雨,经过砂岩的层层“过滤”,清澈晶莹,富含矿物质,产生了“<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">清冷甘腴,备具诸美</span></strong>”的泡茶泉水。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">唐代茶圣陆羽穷尽一生遍访天下名山,评出“<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">天下十大名泉”,庐山占3个</span></strong>,谷帘泉、招隐泉、大天池水分别列第一、第六、第十泉。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山的泉水中,还有一种叫“温泉”。黄龙山下的星子温泉,古称“汤泉”,原有天然泉眼4个,1957年,将其疏通为7组泉眼,日出水量扩大到500吨。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">㜽一年,唐代的白居易来庐山南麓来访陶渊明故里,在这里洗了温泉,写《题庐山山下汤泉》:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">一眼汤泉流向东,浸泥浇草暖无穷。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山温水因何事,流入金铺玉秋中。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">到了宋代,朱熹在南康任主官,也来这里洗温泉。看到“</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">客来争解带,万却付一流</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">”的情况,就发出“</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">谁燃丹黄焰,爨此玉池水</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">”的疑问。真是一个理学家,洗个温泉,也要寻天理,提出了一个深奥的问题。</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">这个问题,李四光在其《庐山地质志略》中解答:“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">最大之横断层,则见于庐山西南端,由隘口以东向西北直引经马头山之西南而没于平地,此断层长十四、五里有余,破裂也特猛裂。隘口以东有温泉沸出,盖即沿此裂隙而溢出泉水也。</span>”这就是说,泉水在地层深处,吸收了地热,又沿着断层涌出地表,从而形成温泉,庐山温泉温度最高达72度,最低为50度,平均63度,属于中温温泉,实际情况与被赞为国际风湿病特效泉的法国“凡而德百”温泉、英国的“拜斯”温泉、西安的“华清池”温泉,同属一个类型。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">明代李时珍也来泡过温泉,并在《本草纲目》写:“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">庐山有温泉,方士往往教患风癞、杨梅疮者,饱食入池久浴,汤汗出乃止,旬日自愈也。</span>”李时珍还就筋骨孪缩、肌皮顽痹、手脚不遂、无眉发、疥癣诸病,用庐山温泉浴、饮的同时,结合药物治疗和饮食补养,其疗效将会更佳作了说明。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">7、云雾多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">云雾、瀑布和绝壁为庐山三绝。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">云和雾,都是浮游在空气中的小水滴或小冰滴组成的,这些水滴,浮动在空气中则为云,缭绕在地面则为雾。大量的雨水降下来,长“江”鄱“湖”中的水汽蒸发在空中,与庐山气体对流,形成了庐山著名的云雾。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">“<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">一雨百瀑匡庐水,一峰千态匡庐云</span></strong>”。庐山云雾一向被认为是天下奇观。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics7.baidu.com/feed/1ad5ad6eddc451dad16f9980ff03cd6ad21632ce.jpeg@f_auto?token=ec3bcc4a635cbf025f0562a86959ec7a" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山云海</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山云雾<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">一是多</span></strong>,庐山有雾的天数,最多的年份达221天,最少的年份也有158天,年均191天。而山下的年均有雾日,九江是8天,星子是4.2天。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山云雾<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">二是浓</span></strong>。庐山不要说跟北方的山不一样,跟本省的三清山都不一样。三清山的雾像一层淡淡的纱巾,在空中飘飘扬扬地散了开去,把个三清山搞得像个仙境似的;而庐山的雾特别浓,浓得化不开,从窗缝里挤进来,从门底下钻进来,几米开外,不辨人马。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山云雾<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">三是怪</span></strong>,有声音。气象学家竺可桢对庐山的万千气象,提出“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">雾有声,雨上行,天池佛光</span>”等三大疑案。云雾有声这一说法由来已久,清初学者黄宗羲曾在游记中称:“庐山云雾有三奇,云有声乃是三奇之一。”</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">“闻之有声,嗅之欲醉”的云雾,有人认为是由密集的直径仅几十微米的小水滴组成,受山峪中一些上下气流的夹带,这些云雾微滴流经山岩、树木、野草时,会因摩擦而发出丝丝之声。也有人认为庐山雾的声音就是风声。由于云雾弥漫,人们弄不清真相,但误以为雾有声。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">“人动影也动,人影在环中”的庐山佛光,往往出现在月明星稀之夜,山谷中突然涌出点点闪烁的荧光,时聚时散,忽明忽灭。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山佛光最早出现在大天池文殊台,天池寺的西边的文殊台,月色朦胧之时,眼前深谷之中经常会出现点点灯光般的亮点,由少渐多,时大时小,时聚时散、时陷时现、闪闪烁烁,人称“佛光”。明代的王阳明有诗云:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">老夫高卧文殊台,拄杖夜撞青天开。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">撒落星辰满平野,山僧尽道佛灯来。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">古人便认为它是文殊菩萨的灵光。公元930年的一天,一场大雷雨过后,天池寺住持高慧看到的佛灯极其明亮,就连落在地上的芥菜籽都能看清楚。有人说这是一群萤火虫在飞舞,有人说这是山谷中蕴藏着能发出荧光的矿石。有人是山中千百年来死去的动物骨骼中所含磷质在空气中自燃形成的。最新的研究结果认为,佛灯是星光反射形成的。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">雨上行</span><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;">是指悬崖边正在往下洒的雨点,忽然像皮球落到地上,又沿着抛物线蹦了起来。据研究,这种现象是在特殊的地形条件下气流运动形成的。当风力特别大时,庐山的一些深谷会形成强劲的上升气流,其强度会大大超过重力的作用,足以把正在往下落的雨滴抛向空中,于是便出现雨滴往上洒的奇景。</span></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">人们只听说风有声、雨有声,可庐山的<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">雾也有声</span>;人们只听说山有色,水有色,可庐山的雾也有色,“有声有色”的庐山云雾。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">此外,庐山没有蟑螂,而山下的九江则蟑螂特别多,这也是一个谜,常与上边的三种现象合称为庐山“四大自然奇趣”。有些生物学家认为,庐山上可能存在着一种蟑螂的天敌;有些植物学家则认为,庐山上可能长有一种或多种令蟑螂无法生存的植物;而有些环境学者认为,庐山无蟑螂可能是山高氧气稀少所致。最近,有些科学家认为,庐山的低温和特异的气象环境可能是无蟑螂的原因之一。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics3.baidu.com/feed/b03533fa828ba61e938171240aca0806314e595c.jpeg@f_auto?token=93fecdc7d113a958f8ad8ebcbc91d1c1" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山云雾如烟,如海,变化莫测</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山的云雾<strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">四是变化莫测</span></strong>,时而如烟,时而如海,时而如棉花,团团簇簇,静止不动,忽而又似波涛滚动汹涌。多数时候云雾保持洁白无瑕的面貌,当日出日落之时,霞光会为白云披上灿烂的彩衣。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">形成惊心动魄澎湃奔泻的瀑布云,琼花缀满枝头的雾淞,玉带飘逸的玉带云,层层相叠的云梯云,云海呈现的佛光,总之,常常的山雨山烟、浓浓的云雾云海、璀璨的红霞紫岚,呈现出朦胧、幽静、流动、音响、色彩的景色和形态。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">大量湿润的气流,顺着这些开口的谷地通道抬升,升到山谷上部时,因温度降低而水汽凝结,就扩散开来形成“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">其白如雪,其软如绵</span>”的雾霭,深化成“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">其光如银,其阔如海</span>”的云海。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山西北坡的剪刀峡、锦绣谷、大天池、石门涧,东南坡的王家坡、七里冲、白鹤涧、西南侧的含鄱口、庐山垅等地都是庐山著名的“云雾窟”,也是观云赏雾的好地方。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics4.baidu.com/feed/1c950a7b02087bf4dc6c066bb82dc82013dfcfbf.jpeg@f_auto?token=54bb55774fa2b2086897ffc43102d9fe" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山锦绣谷-杨豹摄</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">明代户部主事华云曾在大天池建“凌虚阁”,专门观云。“凌虚观云”就成为庐山胜景之一。清人舒天香在嘉庆年间,专门住在天池寺看云,看得入了迷,看了100多天还不想下山,最后还说:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">有心携得云归去,把与山妻作被眠。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">王阳明也住天池寺。天池塔西有一石质方台,名为“天心台”。为时任国民政府主席林森所建。台下有一大石,上镌“照江崖”字样。崖上刻有王阳明《夜宿天池》:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">昨夜月明山顶宿,隐隐雷声在山麓。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">晓来却问山下人,风雨三更卷茅屋。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">苏东坡对庐山的云评价极高。他一辈子去过的地方多极了,但有两个地方他念念不忘。他说:</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">庐山烟雨浙江潮,未至千般恨不消。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">到得还来别无事,庐山烟雨浙江潮。</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(230, 46, 46);">8、涵养水分的植物多</span></strong></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山的动植物多样:3400种植物、2000余种昆虫、117种鸟类、33种兽类,与171座山峰、26座冈岭、20条壑谷间和谐共生。古树特别多,庐山人也有爱护树木的传统。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">黄龙寺前有三棵大树,1棵银杏,2棵柳杉,相传是晋代名僧释昙诜在此修持时种植的,人称“三宝树”,至今已有1500多年的历史了。到明代,黄龙寺的创建人释彻空告诫僧众要保护好寺宇周围的林木,<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">“山木不得折一枝。折之,必讼至枝长而后已”</span>,从此以后,这一规定,代以相传。寺僧视树木为生命,以致当时有人发出感慨,“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">以故丛林茂密。予过其岭,徘徊不忍去</span>”,黄龙寺因此也声名远播,久传不衰。</span></p><p><img src="https://pics5.baidu.com/feed/377adab44aed2e73f1ad1ff3ccff3e8785d6fab0.jpeg@f_auto?token=a85596c05a1be1a3ab54676176df6c56" width="640" class="_1g4Ex " style="border: 0px; width: 656px; border-radius: 13px;"/><span style="display: block; margin-top: 11px; text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-size: 16px;">庐山植物园</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山植物园是一座亚热带山地植物园,是我国第一座正规的、供植物科学研究、普及植物学知识的植物园,1934年由中国植物学家胡先骕、秦仁昌、陈封怀等人创建。陈封怀留学英国,在爱丁堡待了很长时间。看上面这张照片,可以感受到庐山植物园的建设很有些欧美风情。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山植物园占地5000多亩,汇集国内外植物3400多种,与69个国家和地区271个植物研究机构建立了种子交换等方面的友好关系,是国际植物园保护联盟(BGCI)的成员之一。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;">庐山极高的森林覆盖率,既美化了景区,也保护好了水资源,涵养了水分,保护了水量、水体、水质、水景。“<span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);">山上多种树,等于建水库;下雨它能喝,晴天它能吐</span>”。再加上庐山很早就建起了污水处理厂,和城区一样做到“雨污分流,雨水收集,污水处理,中水回用”。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(138, 46, 230);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box;">主要参考文献:</strong><br style="display: block; max-width: 100%;"/></span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">吴宗慈:《庐山志》江西人民出版社1996年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">吴宗慈:《庐山续志编》江西文献委员会编,1947。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">周銮书《庐山史话》(江西人民出版社2005年第2版)。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">熊炜、徐顺民、张国宏《庐山》中国建筑工业出版社1998年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">陶勇清:《庐山历代石刻》,江西美术出版社2010年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">陶勇清、陈传席:《历代庐山书画赏析》,江西美术出版社2010年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">罗时叙《庐山别墅大观》,中国建筑工业出版社2005年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">庐山博物馆编著:《牯岭上的石头屋——庐山别墅》,文物出版社2007年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">李梦阳等编:《白鹿洞书院古志五种》,总顾问:钟起煌,主编:朱瑞熙、孙家骅,中华书局1995年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 37px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">陈政主编:《世界文化景观——庐山》江西美术出版社2002年版。</span></p><p style="overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-y: auto; max-width: 100%; line-height: 30px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: right;"><span style="max-width: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: initial; background: 0px 0px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; overflow-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px;">(文中图片主要引自上述文献)</span></p><p><br/></p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.shanglushan.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_p0H" id="wcn_editor_css"/> <p>好多学问在里面啊</p><link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.shanglushan.com/source/plugin/wcn_editor/public/wcn_editor_fit.css?v134_p0H" id="wcn_editor_css"/> 写的不错哦 蛮好的啊。 挺好的。。 太长了,根本读不完 这是大自然的赋予我们的美丽庐山 挺好的点赞 庐山的美景 庐山云雾漂亮
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